Mary Queen of Scots Calais Adieu France I Think I Will Never See You Again Rival Queen

Life and Deathline of Mary, Queen of Scots

Crowned Queen of Scots at but nine months old; married, crowned Queen Consort of France and widowed all by the time she was eighteen years erstwhile: Mary Stewart's life was nothing if not eventful. Go the facts about her tumultuous life and death here.

1542

14 Nov: Battle of Solway Moss

Devastated by his army'southward defeat by the English at Solway Moss, James V withdrew to Falkland Palace, Fife. He is reported to have laid down and turned his face to the wall.

8 December: Mary'southward birth

Mary was born at Linlithgow Palace, to James V, Male monarch of Scots, and his French second wife, Mary of Guise. She was the only legitimate child of James to survive him. She was also the great-niece of Henry VIII of England, giving her a claim to the throne.

14 December: Death of James 5

James V of Scots died just half-dozen days after the birth of his girl. In reference to the origins of the Purple Stewart Dynasty, James is supposed to accept said: 'It began with a lass and information technology volition gang with a lass.'

1543

1 July: The Treaties of Greenwich

These treaties between Scotland and England included a spousal relationship agreement between Mary and Edward, son of King Henry VIII of England. This was an endeavour to gain control of Mary and weaken French influence in Scotland.

ix September: Queen of Scots

Mary was crowned Queen of Scots aged just ix months. The anniversary was conducted in the Chapel Majestic of Stirling Castle by Key David Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews, Scotland's most senior Catholic cleric.

December: The Rough Wooing

The Rough Wooing began when the Earl of Arran renounced the Treaties of Greenwich in Dec 1543. Henry VIII attacked Scotland to force a marriage betwixt Mary and Edward. The Rough Wooing continued until 1551.

1546

1 March: Murder or Martyrdom?

Alarmed by the back up for the Protestant Reformation, Cardinal Beaton had the Protestant reformer; George Wishart arrested and burnt at the stake. In retaliation Beaton was assassinated by Wishart's supporters.

1547

28 January: Death of Henry VIII

Henry Viii's decease left England with a minority authorities. The Duke of Somerset acted as regent for Edward Half-dozen and continued the Rough Wooing. On 9 September 1547, the Scots were defeated at Pinkie, e of Edinburgh. Mary was sent to Inchmahome Priory for safety.

1548

7 July: The Treaty of Haddington

The Treaty of Haddington strengthened Scotland's links with France. The Male monarch of France, Henri Ii, agreed to provide military support against England, while Mary was promised in marriage to Henri's son, the Dauphin François.

vii August: La petite Royne - the trivial Queen

At the age of v Mary was taken to France. Henri II thought her 'the virtually beautiful child he had e'er seen', François adored her. Henri's married woman, Catherine de Medici resented Mary every bit she was a Queen, giving her precedence over Catherine's daughters in the royal nursery.

1558

24 April: Marriage to France

Mary and François married in Notre Matriarch Cathedral in Paris on 24 April 1558. She wore a lavishly decorated white gown. With her auburn pilus and pale complexion the issue was dazzling, if anarchistic; traditionally white was reserved for majestic mourning in France.

17 November: Elizabeth I Queen of England

Mary Tudor, England's Catholic queen, died in 1558 and was succeeded by her Protestant half-sis Elizabeth. Mary believed that she had the stronger claim to the English throne. Henri II encouraged Mary to brandish the Arms of England with those of France and Scotland.

1559

10 July: Queen Espoused of France

In April England, French republic and Kingdom of spain signed the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, bringing peace to most of Europe. Henri II was fatally wounded during a jousting tournament in June 1559, held equally function of the peace celebrations. François became King, making Mary Queen Consort of France.

1560

11 June: Expiry of Mary of Guise

Scotland's Protestant Lords appealed to England for back up against the regency of Mary of Guise. She was forced to retreat to Edinburgh Castle, and died in that location on 11 June. Scotland and England signed the Treaty of Edinburgh, which ended the Auld Alliance.

5 December: Death of François

On François' death Mary was bereft. She wrote: 'My heart keeps watch for 1 who's gone.' Catherine de Medici became regent for her younger son, Charles IX. Keen to secure the position of her ain children, Catherine fabricated sure that Mary could not remain in French republic.

1561

14 August: Adieu to France

Before leaving France, Mary met both Catholic and Protestant delegations from Scotland. She aligned with her Protestant one-half-brother, Lord James Stewart, who advised her to maintain the religious condition quo.

2 September: The Royal Entry to Edinburgh

Mary arrived in Leith on 19 August 1561 and made her official entry into Edinburgh a few weeks later. She was presented with the keys to the city, a Bible and a volume of Psalms. The celebrations blatantly promoted the Protestant cause and attacked Catholicism.

4 September: First audition with John Knox

Mary summoned the Protestant Reformation leader Knox five times to answer allegations he made confronting her. During their first audition she accused him of provoking armed revolt. He compared her to the tyrant Nero. Mary held her own till Knox left, and then broke down in tears.

1562

Summer: Heir for England?

Mary believed a face to confront coming together would convince Elizabeth to name her equally heir. Arrangements were well avant-garde for that summer simply abandoned when England became embroiled in the French Wars of Faith. Elizabeth contracted smallpox, delaying a meeting notwithstanding further.

1563

Jan: A Castilian matrimony

Mary considered several options for a hubby. In 1563, her showtime choice, Don Carlos, heir to the Spanish throne, failed subsequently he suffered encephalon damage in a fall down some stairs.

1564

March: An English hubby

Elizabeth I wanted Mary to marry a Protestant and proposed the Earl of Leicester, Robert Dudley. Neither Mary nor Dudley wished the friction match. Mary declared she had no intention of marrying 'a mere subject of Elizabeth's'. Dudley proposed Henry, Lord Darnley in his identify.

1565

17 February: Henry, Lord Darnley – the correct choice?

Henry Lord Darnley was a Catholic and was descended from both James Two of Scots and Henry VII of England. When Mary met him for the first time at Wemyss in Fife she thought him 'the lustiest and all-time proportioned lang (tall) human being she had seen'.

29 July: Marriage to Darnley

Mary and Darnley were married in the Chapel Royal of Holyroodhouse. She proclaimed Darnley Male monarch of Scots the following 24-hour interval without the consent of Parliament. The announcement was met with stony silence. Only Darnley's father cried 'God save His Grace'.

26 August: The Lords in revolt – the Chaseabout Raid

Opposition to Mary'southward marriage arose very quickly. The Protestant Earl of Moray, fearing that Mary's wedlock to a Catholic threatened the Reformation, led an endeavour to overthrow both Mary and her King Consort. The episode was more an armed chase than an outright rebellion.

1566

19 June: A son

Mary's son by Darnley, James, was born in Edinburgh Castle. Past this fourth dimension, nonetheless, her marriage to Darnley had broken downwards: he had plotted against her and even been part of a conspiracy to murder her Catholic secretarial assistant, David Rizzio, in her presence.

1567

ten Feb: Murder of Darnley

In the early on hours of 10 February 1567, an explosion blew upwards Old Provost's Lodging at Kirk o'Field in Edinburgh, where Darnley was recuperating from illness. Darnley was found dead in the garden, patently murdered. Mary herself was implicated in the plot, but the prime number suspect was James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell.

15 May: Marriage of Mary and Bothwell

Bothwell was tried and acquitted of Darnley'southward murder. His next move was to abduct Mary on her return to Edinburgh from Stirling, where she had been visiting her son – for the concluding time, it would transpire. It is not known whether Mary was a willing participant in the plot or non, but two weeks later the couple were married, Bothwell having divorced his first wife but twelve days previously.

24 July: Abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots

Alienated from her closest advisors, Mary's monarchy floundered. After failing to quash a rebellion of Scottish peers, Mary was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle and forced to forsake in favour of her one-yr-erstwhile son.

1568

2 May: Escape from Loch Leven

With the aid of George Douglas, the owner of Loch Leven, Mary escaped and raised an army to face up the forces of the Earl of Moray at the Boxing of Langside.16 May: Fleeing ScotlandDefeated at the Boxing of Langside, Mary fled from Scotland. She crossed into England convinced her cousin and fellow monarch, Elizabeth I, would help her regain her throne. Elizabeth notwithstanding was unsure how to bargain with this unexpected 'guest' and ordered Mary'due south detention at Carlisle Castle.

October: The Conference of York

Elizabeth wanted proof Mary was innocent of Darnley'southward murder before agreeing to a meeting. The Conference of York failed to discover such proof and in February 1569 Mary was taken to Tutbury Castle in Staffordshire, a residence of the Earl of Shrewsbury, who became her jailer for nigh of the next xv years.

1569

February: A life in captivity begins

Mary was held in several secure residences during her captivity, simply Shrewsbury was a benign jailer. She was permitted a staff of 30 including Scottish dignity, her secretary, physcian, maids, grooms and cooks. She was occasionaly immune to ride and her failing health was bolstered by spells at Buxton Spa.

1584

The Bond of Association

At that place were several failed attempts to free Mary. Determined to prevent more, Elizabeth I'due south principal secretarial assistant and 'spymaster' Sir Francis Walsingham introduced the Bond of Clan. This made Mary responsible for any plots instigated in her proper noun, whether or not she knew about them, or approved them.

1585

March: James and Elizabeth – a contract of amity

Desperate to be free, Mary proposed that she and her son James should rule Scotland together. However, James had secretly allied himself with Elizabeth without Mary's knowledge. In March 1585 he officially renounced his mother'south proposal, leaving her devastated.

April: A new jailor

In April Mary was transfered to the custody of Sir Amyas Paulet. He detested her and revoked many of the privileges Shrewsbury had allowed her.

1586

The Babington Plot

Mary was secretly corresponding with supporters, unaware that Walsingham's agents were intercepting her letters. This allowed them to trick her into agreeing to a plot proposed past Anthony Babington, to assassinate Elizabeth I and make Mary Queen of England. This sealed Mary'due south fate. She was moved to Fotheringhay Castle in September.

15 October: Tried for treason

Mary was tried for treason at Fotheringhay Castle, Northampton where she was she remained in captivity until her execution.

1587

8 February: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots

Mary was 44 years old and had spent 19 years in captivity. Deposed by her land, abased by her son, all she had left was her faith. Those present at her execution spoke of her not bad courage and dignity.

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Source: https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/mary-queen-of-scots/mary-queen-of-scots/life-and-deathline-of-mary-queen-of-scots/